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English word by comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (On, at, near.), Proto-Indo-European *sweyg-, Proto-Indo-European *ḱera-, Proto-Germanic *hrōzaz (Active, stirring, moving.), Proto-Indo-European *pōw-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ntbʰi, Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (Before. In front. Near. Opposite.), Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥t-bʰi, Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ-, Proto-Germanic *haitaną ((passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name.), Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-, Proto-Indo-European *glēb-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-, Proto-Germanic *būą (Building, dwelling.)
*bʰewgʰ- (Proto-Indo-European)
*h₁epi (Proto-Indo-European)
On, at, near.
*sweyg- (Proto-Indo-European)
*ḱera- (Proto-Indo-European)
*hrōzaz (Proto-Germanic)
Active, stirring, moving.
*pōw- (Proto-Indo-European)
*h₂ntbʰi (Proto-Indo-European)
*h₂énti (Proto-Indo-European)
Before. In front. Near. Opposite.
*h₂n̥t-bʰi (Proto-Indo-European)
*bʰūgʰ- (Proto-Indo-European)
to bend
*bʰeyǝ (Proto-Indo-European)
*bʰeyǝ- (Proto-Indo-European)
*haitaną (Proto-Germanic)
(passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name.
*weǵ- (Proto-Indo-European)
to be fresh, be cheerful, be awake, to be awake, be fresh or cheerful, to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be fresh, cheerful, awake, lively, to be strong
*glēb- (Proto-Indo-European)
*bʰōw- (Proto-Indo-European)
to swell, inflate, to blow, swell , to dwell
*būą (Proto-Germanic)
Building, dwelling.
*h₁pi (Proto-Indo-European)
*beuganą (Proto-Germanic)
To bend, bow.
*būwiz (Proto-Germanic)
bū (Old English)
býr (Old Norse)
*baugaz (Proto-Germanic)
A bend; bow. A ring; bracelet. A wreath; crown. Collar. Something bent (round); circle.
*h₂m̥bʰi (Proto-Indo-European)
Around, on either side of, about. Facing, against. In exchange for.
bēag (Old English)
*bi (Proto-Germanic)
(with accusative or dative) by, at. (with accusative or dative) near, around.
bi (Old English)
Beside. By, near, around, to, in, at, about, with.
*klupjaną (Proto-Germanic)
bī (Old English)
bi (Middle English)
By.
by (English)
Out of the way, subsidiary. (card games) A pass Indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed.. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval.. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.. Indicates a means: Involving/using the means of.. Indicates a referenced source: According to.. Indicates a source of [...]