By etymology

English

English word by comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (On, at, near.), Proto-Indo-European *sweyg-, Proto-Indo-European *ḱera-, Proto-Germanic *hrōzaz (Active, stirring, moving.), Proto-Indo-European *pōw-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ntbʰi, Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (Before. In front. Near. Opposite.), Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥t-bʰi, Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ-, Proto-Germanic *haitaną ((passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name.), Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-, Proto-Indo-European *glēb-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-, Proto-Germanic *būą (Building, dwelling.)

Detailed word origin of by

Dictionary entry Language Definition
*bʰewgʰ- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*h₁epi Proto-Indo-European (ine) On, at, near.
*sweyg- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*ḱera- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*hrōzaz Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) Active, stirring, moving.
*pōw- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*h₂ntbʰi Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*h₂énti Proto-Indo-European (ine) Before. In front. Near. Opposite.
*h₂n̥t-bʰi Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*bʰūgʰ- Proto-Indo-European (ine) to bend
*bʰeyǝ Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*bʰeyǝ- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*haitaną Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) (passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name.
*weǵ- Proto-Indo-European (ine) to be fresh, be cheerful, be awake, to be awake, be fresh or cheerful, to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be fresh, cheerful, awake, lively, to be strong
*glēb- Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*bʰōw- Proto-Indo-European (ine) to swell, inflate, to blow, swell , to dwell
*būą Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) Building, dwelling.
*h₁pi Proto-Indo-European (ine)
*beuganą Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) To bend, bow.
*būwiz Proto-Germanic (gem-pro)
Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang)
býr Old Norse (non)
*baugaz Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) A bend; bow. A ring; bracelet. A wreath; crown. Collar. Something bent (round); circle.
*h₂m̥bʰi Proto-Indo-European (ine) Around, on either side of, about. Facing, against. In exchange for.
bēag Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang)
*bi Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) (with accusative or dative) by, at. (with accusative or dative) near, around.
bi Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang) Beside. By, near, around, to, in, at, about, with.
*klupjaną Proto-Germanic (gem-pro)
Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang)
bi Middle English (1100-1500) (enm) By.
by English (en) Out of the way, subsidiary. (card games) A pass Indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed.. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval.. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.. Indicates a means: Involving/using the means of.. Indicates a referenced source: According to.. Indicates a source of [...]

Words with the same origin as by

Descendants of *sweyg-

behold

Descendants of *h₂énti

anticipation antique engage one

Descendants of *bʰūgʰ-

bay

Descendants of *weǵ-

awake wait wake watch