English word by comes from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (On, at, near.), Proto-Indo-European *sweyg-, Proto-Indo-European *ḱera-, Proto-Germanic *hrōzaz (Active, stirring, moving.), Proto-Indo-European *pōw-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ntbʰi, Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (Before. In front. Near. Opposite.), Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥t-bʰi, Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ, Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyǝ-, Proto-Germanic *haitaną ((passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name.), Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-, Proto-Indo-European *glēb-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw-, Proto-Germanic *būą (Building, dwelling.)
| Dictionary entry | Language | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| *bʰewgʰ- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *h₁epi | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | On, at, near. |
| *sweyg- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *ḱera- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *hrōzaz | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | Active, stirring, moving. |
| *pōw- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *h₂ntbʰi | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *h₂énti | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | Before. In front. Near. Opposite. |
| *h₂n̥t-bʰi | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *bʰūgʰ- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | to bend |
| *bʰeyǝ | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *bʰeyǝ- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *haitaną | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | (passive) to be called. To address, to call. To name. |
| *weǵ- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | to be fresh, be cheerful, be awake, to be awake, be fresh or cheerful, to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be awake, be fresh, be cheerful, to be fresh, cheerful, awake, lively, to be strong |
| *glēb- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *bʰōw- | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | to swell, inflate, to blow, swell , to dwell |
| *būą | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | Building, dwelling. |
| *h₁pi | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | |
| *beuganą | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | To bend, bow. |
| *būwiz | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | |
| bū | Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang) | |
| býr | Old Norse (non) | |
| *baugaz | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | A bend; bow. A ring; bracelet. A wreath; crown. Collar. Something bent (round); circle. |
| *h₂m̥bʰi | Proto-Indo-European (ine) | Around, on either side of, about. Facing, against. In exchange for. |
| bēag | Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang) | |
| *bi | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | (with accusative or dative) by, at. (with accusative or dative) near, around. |
| bi | Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang) | Beside. By, near, around, to, in, at, about, with. |
| *klupjaną | Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) | |
| bī | Old English (ca. 450-1100) (ang) | |
| bi | Middle English (1100-1500) (enm) | By. |
| by | English (en) | Out of the way, subsidiary. (card games) A pass Indicates an authority, rule, or permission followed.. At some time before (the given time), or before the end of a given time interval.. In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.. Indicates a means: Involving/using the means of.. Indicates a referenced source: According to.. Indicates a source of [...] |